17 research outputs found
A Communication Monitor for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Software Defined Radio
Link quality estimation of reliability-crucial wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is often limited by the observability and testability of single-chip radio transceivers. The estimation is often based on collection of packer-level statistics, including packet reception rate, or vendor-specific registers, such as CC2420's Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Link Quality Indicator (LQI). The speed or accuracy of such metrics limits the performance of reliability mechanisms built in wireless sensor networks. To improve link quality estimation in WSNs, we designed a powerful wireless communication monitor based on Software Defined Radio (SDR). We studied the relations between three implemented link quality metrics and packet reception rate under different channel conditions. Based on a comparison of the metrics' relative advantages, we proposed using a combination of them for fast and accurate estimation of a sensor network link
Spectral Classification of Large-Scale Blended (Micro)Plastics Using FT-IR Raw Spectra and Image-Based Machine Learning
Microplastics (MPs) are currently recognized as emerging
pollutants;
their identification and classification are therefore essential during
their monitoring and management. In contrast to most studies based
on small datasets and library searches, this study developed and compared
four machine learning-based classifiers and two large-scale blended
plastic datasets, where a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), decision
tree, and random forest (RF) were fed with raw spectral data from
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while a 2D CNN used the corresponding
spectral images as the input. With an overall accuracy of 96.43% on
a small dataset and 97.44% on a large dataset, the 1D CNN outperformed
other models. The 1D CNN was the best at predicting environment samples,
while the RF was the most robust with less spectral data. Overall,
RF and 2D CNNs might be evaluated for plastic identification with
fewer spectral data; however, 1D CNNs were thought to be the most
effective with sufficient spectral data. Accordingly, an open-source
MP spectroscopic analysis tool was developed to facilitate a quick
and accurate analysis of existing MP samples
Spectral Classification of Large-Scale Blended (Micro)Plastics Using FT-IR Raw Spectra and Image-Based Machine Learning
Microplastics (MPs) are currently recognized as emerging
pollutants;
their identification and classification are therefore essential during
their monitoring and management. In contrast to most studies based
on small datasets and library searches, this study developed and compared
four machine learning-based classifiers and two large-scale blended
plastic datasets, where a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), decision
tree, and random forest (RF) were fed with raw spectral data from
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while a 2D CNN used the corresponding
spectral images as the input. With an overall accuracy of 96.43% on
a small dataset and 97.44% on a large dataset, the 1D CNN outperformed
other models. The 1D CNN was the best at predicting environment samples,
while the RF was the most robust with less spectral data. Overall,
RF and 2D CNNs might be evaluated for plastic identification with
fewer spectral data; however, 1D CNNs were thought to be the most
effective with sufficient spectral data. Accordingly, an open-source
MP spectroscopic analysis tool was developed to facilitate a quick
and accurate analysis of existing MP samples
Spectral Classification of Large-Scale Blended (Micro)Plastics Using FT-IR Raw Spectra and Image-Based Machine Learning
Microplastics (MPs) are currently recognized as emerging
pollutants;
their identification and classification are therefore essential during
their monitoring and management. In contrast to most studies based
on small datasets and library searches, this study developed and compared
four machine learning-based classifiers and two large-scale blended
plastic datasets, where a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), decision
tree, and random forest (RF) were fed with raw spectral data from
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while a 2D CNN used the corresponding
spectral images as the input. With an overall accuracy of 96.43% on
a small dataset and 97.44% on a large dataset, the 1D CNN outperformed
other models. The 1D CNN was the best at predicting environment samples,
while the RF was the most robust with less spectral data. Overall,
RF and 2D CNNs might be evaluated for plastic identification with
fewer spectral data; however, 1D CNNs were thought to be the most
effective with sufficient spectral data. Accordingly, an open-source
MP spectroscopic analysis tool was developed to facilitate a quick
and accurate analysis of existing MP samples
Spectral Classification of Large-Scale Blended (Micro)Plastics Using FT-IR Raw Spectra and Image-Based Machine Learning
Microplastics (MPs) are currently recognized as emerging
pollutants;
their identification and classification are therefore essential during
their monitoring and management. In contrast to most studies based
on small datasets and library searches, this study developed and compared
four machine learning-based classifiers and two large-scale blended
plastic datasets, where a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), decision
tree, and random forest (RF) were fed with raw spectral data from
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while a 2D CNN used the corresponding
spectral images as the input. With an overall accuracy of 96.43% on
a small dataset and 97.44% on a large dataset, the 1D CNN outperformed
other models. The 1D CNN was the best at predicting environment samples,
while the RF was the most robust with less spectral data. Overall,
RF and 2D CNNs might be evaluated for plastic identification with
fewer spectral data; however, 1D CNNs were thought to be the most
effective with sufficient spectral data. Accordingly, an open-source
MP spectroscopic analysis tool was developed to facilitate a quick
and accurate analysis of existing MP samples
Spectral Classification of Large-Scale Blended (Micro)Plastics Using FT-IR Raw Spectra and Image-Based Machine Learning
Microplastics (MPs) are currently recognized as emerging
pollutants;
their identification and classification are therefore essential during
their monitoring and management. In contrast to most studies based
on small datasets and library searches, this study developed and compared
four machine learning-based classifiers and two large-scale blended
plastic datasets, where a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), decision
tree, and random forest (RF) were fed with raw spectral data from
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while a 2D CNN used the corresponding
spectral images as the input. With an overall accuracy of 96.43% on
a small dataset and 97.44% on a large dataset, the 1D CNN outperformed
other models. The 1D CNN was the best at predicting environment samples,
while the RF was the most robust with less spectral data. Overall,
RF and 2D CNNs might be evaluated for plastic identification with
fewer spectral data; however, 1D CNNs were thought to be the most
effective with sufficient spectral data. Accordingly, an open-source
MP spectroscopic analysis tool was developed to facilitate a quick
and accurate analysis of existing MP samples
Spectral Classification of Large-Scale Blended (Micro)Plastics Using FT-IR Raw Spectra and Image-Based Machine Learning
Microplastics (MPs) are currently recognized as emerging
pollutants;
their identification and classification are therefore essential during
their monitoring and management. In contrast to most studies based
on small datasets and library searches, this study developed and compared
four machine learning-based classifiers and two large-scale blended
plastic datasets, where a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), decision
tree, and random forest (RF) were fed with raw spectral data from
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while a 2D CNN used the corresponding
spectral images as the input. With an overall accuracy of 96.43% on
a small dataset and 97.44% on a large dataset, the 1D CNN outperformed
other models. The 1D CNN was the best at predicting environment samples,
while the RF was the most robust with less spectral data. Overall,
RF and 2D CNNs might be evaluated for plastic identification with
fewer spectral data; however, 1D CNNs were thought to be the most
effective with sufficient spectral data. Accordingly, an open-source
MP spectroscopic analysis tool was developed to facilitate a quick
and accurate analysis of existing MP samples
Spectral Classification of Large-Scale Blended (Micro)Plastics Using FT-IR Raw Spectra and Image-Based Machine Learning
Microplastics (MPs) are currently recognized as emerging
pollutants;
their identification and classification are therefore essential during
their monitoring and management. In contrast to most studies based
on small datasets and library searches, this study developed and compared
four machine learning-based classifiers and two large-scale blended
plastic datasets, where a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), decision
tree, and random forest (RF) were fed with raw spectral data from
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while a 2D CNN used the corresponding
spectral images as the input. With an overall accuracy of 96.43% on
a small dataset and 97.44% on a large dataset, the 1D CNN outperformed
other models. The 1D CNN was the best at predicting environment samples,
while the RF was the most robust with less spectral data. Overall,
RF and 2D CNNs might be evaluated for plastic identification with
fewer spectral data; however, 1D CNNs were thought to be the most
effective with sufficient spectral data. Accordingly, an open-source
MP spectroscopic analysis tool was developed to facilitate a quick
and accurate analysis of existing MP samples
Spectral Classification of Large-Scale Blended (Micro)Plastics Using FT-IR Raw Spectra and Image-Based Machine Learning
Microplastics (MPs) are currently recognized as emerging
pollutants;
their identification and classification are therefore essential during
their monitoring and management. In contrast to most studies based
on small datasets and library searches, this study developed and compared
four machine learning-based classifiers and two large-scale blended
plastic datasets, where a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), decision
tree, and random forest (RF) were fed with raw spectral data from
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while a 2D CNN used the corresponding
spectral images as the input. With an overall accuracy of 96.43% on
a small dataset and 97.44% on a large dataset, the 1D CNN outperformed
other models. The 1D CNN was the best at predicting environment samples,
while the RF was the most robust with less spectral data. Overall,
RF and 2D CNNs might be evaluated for plastic identification with
fewer spectral data; however, 1D CNNs were thought to be the most
effective with sufficient spectral data. Accordingly, an open-source
MP spectroscopic analysis tool was developed to facilitate a quick
and accurate analysis of existing MP samples